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Writ Jurisdiction Cannot Be Utilised By A Litigant Only To Take Chance: Supreme Court/रिट क्षेत्राधिकार का उपयोग कोई वादी केवल मौका लेने के लिए नहीं कर सकता: सुप्रीम कोर्ट |
"In our view, the extraordinary writ jurisdiction cannot be utilised by a litigant only to take chance and then to seek recourse to the other remedy after failing in its attempt on the basic merits of the case before the High Court", the Supreme Court bench comprising Justices AM Khanwilkar and Dinesh Maheshwari remarked while dismissing an appeal filed against the judgment passed by High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad for the State of Telangana and the State of Andhra Pradesh./हमारे विचार में, असाधारण रिट क्षेत्राधिकार का उपयोग किसी वादी द्वारा केवल मौका लेने और फिर उच्च न्यायालय के समक्ष मामले की बुनियादी योग्यताओं पर अपने प्रयास में विफल होने के बाद अन्य उपाय का सहारा लेने के लिए नहीं किया जा सकता है,'' सुप्रीम कोर्ट की पीठ ने कहा। न्यायमूर्ति एएम खानविलकर और न्यायमूर्ति दिनेश माहेश्वरी ने तेलंगाना राज्य और आंध्र प्रदेश राज्य के लिए हैदराबाद उच्च न्यायालय द्वारा पारित फैसले के खिलाफ दायर अपील को खारिज करते हुए यह टिप्पणी की। |
[Case: Vellanki Frame Works v. Commercial Tax Officer; Citation: LL 2021 SC 19] |
13/01/2021 |
Three Judges |
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Whether mere abusive, humiliating or defamative words by itself can attract offence u/s 294 IPC? / क्या केवल निंदापूर्ण, अपमानजनक या मानहानिकारक शब्द आईपीसी की धारा 294 के तहत अपराध को आकर्षित कर सकते हैं? |
Supreme Court noted that in the instance case, the absence of words which will involve some lascivious elements arousing sexual thoughts or feelings or words cannot attract the offence u/s 294 IPC. To prove the offence u/s294 of IPC mere utterance of obscence words are not sufficient but there must be a further proof to establish that it was to the annoyance of others, which is lacking in the case. / सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने कहा कि उदाहरण के मामले में, ऐसे शब्दों की अनुपस्थिति जिसमें यौन विचारों या भावनाओं को जगाने वाले कुछ कामुक तत्व या शब्द शामिल होंगे, आईपीसी की धारा 294 के तहत अपराध को आकर्षित नहीं कर सकते। आईपीसी की धारा 294 के तहत अपराध को साबित करने के लिए केवल अश्लील शब्दों का उच्चारण पर्याप्त नहीं है, बल्कि यह स्थापित करने के लिए एक और सबूत होना चाहिए कि यह दूसरों को परेशान करने के लिए था, जिसकी मामले में कमी है। |
N. S. Madhanagopal vs. K. Lalitha |
10/10/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Whether a married daughter shall be entitled to the appointment on compassionate grounds? / क्या विवाहित बेटी अनुकंपा के आधार पर नियुक्ति की हकदार होगी? |
Compassionate appointment is an exception to the general rule of appointment in the public services and is in favour of the dependents of a deceased dying in harness and leaving his family in penury and without any means of livelihood, and in such cases, out of pure humanitarian consideration taking into consideration the fact that unless some source of livelihood is provided, the family would not be able to make both ends meet, a provision is made in the rules to provide gainful employment to one of the dependants of the deceased who may be eligible for such employment. But, married daughters cannot be said to be dependent on her deceased mother and therefore, is not eligible for compassionate appointments. / अनुकंपा नियुक्ति सार्वजनिक सेवाओं में नियुक्ति के सामान्य नियम का एक अपवाद है और यह उस मृतक के आश्रितों के पक्ष में है जो नौकरी में मर जाता है और अपने परिवार को गरीबी में और आजीविका के किसी भी साधन के बिना छोड़ देता है, और ऐसे मामलों में, शुद्ध मानवता से बाहर इस तथ्य को ध्यान में रखते हुए कि जब तक आजीविका का कोई स्रोत प्रदान नहीं किया जाता है, परिवार दोनों खर्चों को पूरा करने में सक्षम नहीं होगा, मृतक के आश्रितों में से एक को लाभकारी रोजगार प्रदान करने के लिए नियमों में प्रावधान किया गया है जो पात्र हो सकते हैं ऐसे रोजगार के लिए. लेकिन, विवाहित बेटियों को अपनी मृत मां पर आश्रित नहीं कहा जा सकता है और इसलिए, वह अनुकंपा नियुक्ति के लिए पात्र नहीं है। |
The State Of Maharashtra vs. Madhuri Maruti Vidhate |
30/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Whether the judgment or decree obtained by fraud is to be treated as a nullity? / क्या कपट से प्राप्त निर्णय या डिक्री को अमान्य माना जाएगा? |
SC has held that non-disclosure of the relevant and material documents with a view to obtain an undue advantage would amount to fraud and judgment or decree obtained by fraud is to be treated as nullity. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना है कि अनुचित लाभ प्राप्त करने की दृष्टि से सुसंगत और तात्विक दस्तावेजों का खुलासा न करना कपट के समान होगा और कपट से प्राप्त निर्णय या डिक्री को अमान्य माना जाएगा। |
Ram Kumar vs. The State Of Uttar Pradesh |
28/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Can an able-bodied husband refuse to maintain his wife and minor child? / क्या कोई सक्षम पति अपनी पत्नी और अव्यस्क बच्चे का भरण-पोषण करने से इंकार कर सकता है? |
Supreme Court held that sec.125 of CrPC is a measure of social justice and is specially enacted to protect women and children. The husband is required to earn money even by physical labour, if he is an able-bodied, and could not avoid his obligation, except on the legally permissible grounds mentioned in the statute. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि सीआरपीसी की धारा 125 सामाजिक न्याय का एक उपाय है और विशेष रूप से महिलाओं और बच्चों की सुरक्षा के लिए बनाई गई है। पति को शारीरिक श्रम से भी पैसा कमाने की आवश्यकता होती है, यदि वह सक्षम है और विधि में उल्लिखित विधिक रूप से स्वीकार्य आधारों को छोड़कर, अपने दायित्व से बच नहीं सकता है। |
Anju Garg vs. Deepak Kumar Garg |
28/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Whether judgment delivered by a larger bench will prevail irrespective of the number of judges? / क्या न्यायाधीशों की संख्या के बावजूद बड़ी पीठ द्वारा दिया गया फैसला मान्य होगा? |
A judgment delivered by a larger bench will prevail irrespective of the number of judges constituting the majority. In view of Art.145(5) of the Constitution of India concurrence of a majority of the judges at the hearing will be considered as a judgment or opinion of the Court. It is settled that the majority decision of a Bench of larger strength would prevail over the decision of a Bench of lesser strength, irrespective of the number of Judges constituting the majority. / बड़ी पीठ द्वारा दिया गया निर्णय बहुमत में न्यायाधीशों की संख्या की परवाह किए बिना मान्य होगा। भारत के संविधान के अनुच्छेद 145(5) के मद्देनजर सुनवाई में अधिकांश न्यायाधीशों की सहमति को न्यायालय का निर्णय या राय माना जाएगा। यह तय है कि बड़ी संख्या वाली पीठ का बहुमत का निर्णय कम शक्ति वाली पीठ के फैसले पर लागू होगा, भले ही बहुमत में न्यायाधीशों की संख्या कुछ भी हो। |
Trimurthi Fragrances Pvt. Ltd. through its Director Shri Pradeep Kumar Agrawal vs. Govt. Of N.C.T. of Delhi through its Principal Secretary (finance) & Ors. |
19/9/2022 |
Five Judges |
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Whether reasonable restrictions be imposed on right to establish an educational institution? / "क्या शैक्षणिक संस्थान स्थापित करने के अधिकार पर उचित प्रतिबंध लगाए जा सकते हैं?" |
Supreme Court held that the fundamental right to establish educational institutions can be subject to reasonable restrictions which are found necessary in general public interest, but the same cannot be done by way of executive instructions. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि शैक्षणिक संस्थान स्थापित करने का मौलिक अधिकार उचित प्रतिबंधों के अधीन हो सकता है जो सामान्य लोक हित में आवश्यक पाए जाते हैं, लेकिन कार्यकारी निर्देशों के माध्यम से ऐसा नहीं किया जा सकता है। |
Pharmacy Council of India vs. Rajeev College of Pharmacy & Ors. |
15/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Can DNA Tests be performed as a matter of course? / क्या डीएनए परीक्षण स्वाभाविक रूप से किया जा सकता है? |
Supreme Court recently held that merely because DNA testing is permissible under the law, it cannot be directed as a matter of course to be performed, particularly when a direction to that effect would be invasive to the physical autonomy of a person. It further observed that the consequence of DNA testing is not confined to the question as to whether such an order would result in testimonial compulsion, but also encompasses right to privacy as well. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने हाल ही में कहा कि केवल इसलिए कि विधि के तहत डीएनए परीक्षण की अनुमति है, इसे निश्चित रूप से निष्पादित करने के लिए निर्देशित नहीं किया जा सकता है, खासकर जब उस आशय का निर्देश किसी व्यक्ति की शारीरिक स्वायत्तता के लिए आक्रामक होगा। इसमें आगे कहा गया है कि डीएनए परीक्षण का परिणाम केवल इस सवाल तक ही सीमित नहीं है कि क्या इस तरह के आदेश के परिणामस्वरूप प्रशंसापत्र की बाध्यता होगी, बल्कि इसमें निजता का अधिकार भी शामिल है। |
Inayath Ali & Anr. vs. State of Telengana |
15/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Can there be separate domicile for a State? / क्या किसी राज्य के लिए अलग अधिवास हो सकता है? |
Supreme Court observed that there is only one domicile i.e. domicile of the country and there is no separate domicile for a State. The Reorganization Act or any guidelines framed thereunder cannot take away from citizens, the right to reside and settle in any part of the country. When a State is divided and the employees and officers of the State Government have to be allotted to the two states, such allocation has to be done on the basis of the Rules and Regulations and by guidelines. However, they have to be construed harmoniously with the fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution of India. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि देश का केवल एक ही डोमिसाइल यानी अधिवास है और किसी राज्य के लिए कोई अलग डोमिसाइल नहीं है। पुनर्गठन अधिनियम या उसके तहत बनाए गए कोई भी दिशानिर्देश नागरिकों से देश के किसी भी हिस्से में रहने और बसने का अधिकार नहीं छीन सकते। जब किसी राज्य का विभाजन होता है और राज्य सरकार के कर्मचारियों और अधिकारियों को दो राज्यों को आवंटित किया जाना होता है, तो ऐसा आवंटन नियमों और विनियमों और दिशानिर्देशों के आधार पर किया जाना होता है। हालाँकि, उन्हें भारत के संविधान के तहत गारंटीकृत मौलिक अधिकारों के साथ सामंजस्यपूर्ण रूप से समझा जाना चाहिए। |
State of Telangana & Ors. vs. B. Subba Rayudu & Ors. |
14/9/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Whether Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 need to be implemented? / क्या ट्रांसजेंडर व्यक्ति (अधिकारों का संरक्षण) अधिनियम, 2019 को लागू करने की आवश्यकता है? |
Supreme Court observed that transgender persons routinely face multiple forms of oppression, social exclusion and discrimination, especially in the field of healthcare, employment and education. It is necessary for the Central Government, in consultation with the National Council, to devise a policy framework in terms of which reasonable accommodation can be provided for transgender persons in seeking recourse to avenues of employment in establishments covered by the provisions of the 2019 Act. The provisions of the 2019 Act need to be implemented in letter and spirit by formulating appropriate policies. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि ट्रांसजेंडर व्यक्तियों को नियमित रूप से कई प्रकार के उत्पीड़न, सामाजिक बहिष्कार और भेदभाव का सामना करना पड़ता है, खासकर स्वास्थ्य देखभाल, रोजगार और शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में। केंद्र सरकार के लिए राष्ट्रीय परिषद के परामर्श से एक नीतिगत ढांचा तैयार करना आवश्यक है, जिसके अनुसार 2019 अधिनियम के प्रावधानों के तहत आने वाले प्रतिष्ठानों में रोजगार के रास्ते तलाशने वाले ट्रांसजेंडर व्यक्तियों के लिए उचित आवास प्रदान किया जा सके। 2019 अधिनियम के प्रावधानों को उचित नीतियां बनाकर अक्षरशः लागू करने की आवश्यकता है। |
Shanavi Ponnusamy vs. Ministry of Civil Aviation & Anr. |
09/08/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Whether gravity of crime is the prime consideration for deciding what should be the appropriate punishment? / क्या उचित सज़ा क्या होनी चाहिए, यह तय करने के लिए अपराध की गंभीरता मुख्य विचार है? |
It is always the duty of the Court to balance aggravating circumstances and mitigating circumstances at the time of imposing sentence. If undue sympathy is shown by reducing the sentence to the minimum, it may adversely affect the faith of people in efficacy of law. The judicial discretion is always guided by various considerations such as seriousness of the crime, the circumstances in which crime was committed and the antecedents of the accused. / सजा सुनाते समय गंभीर परिस्थितियों और कम करने वाली परिस्थितियों में संतुलन बनाना हमेशा न्यायालय का कर्तव्य है। यदि सजा को न्यूनतम करके अनुचित सहानुभूति दिखाई जाती है, तो यह विधि की प्रभावकारिता में लोगों के विश्वास पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाल सकता है। न्यायिक विवेक हमेशा विभिन्न विचारों से निर्देशित होता है जैसे कि अपराध की गंभीरता, वे परिस्थितियाँ जिनमें अपराध किया गया था और अभियुक्त की पृष्ठभूमि। |
Sahebrao Arjun Hon vs. Raosaheb s/o Kashinath Hon & Ors. |
09/06/2022 |
Two Judges |
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What sentence be given if an accused is convicted for the offence punishable under Section 302 IPC? / यदि किसी आरोपी को आईपीसी की धारा 302 के तहत दंडनीय अपराध के लिए दोषसिद्ध किया जाता है तो उसे क्या सजा दी जाएगी? |
Supreme Court held that there cannot be any sentence less than life imprisonment, if an accused is convicted for the offence punishable u/s 302 IPC as the minimum sentence provided for the offence in IPC would be life imprisonment and fine. So, any punishment less than life imprisonment for the said offence would be contrary to sec.302 IPC. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना कि यदि किसी आरोपी को आईपीसी की धारा 302 के तहत दंडनीय अपराध के लिए दोषसिद्ध किया जाता है, तो आजीवन कारावास से कम कोई सजा नहीं हो सकती, क्योंकि आईपीसी में अपराध के लिए न्यूनतम सजा आजीवन कारावास और जुर्माना होगी। इसलिए, उक्त अपराध के लिए आजीवन कारावास से कम कोई भी सजा आईपीसी की धारा 302 के विपरीत होगी। |
The State of Madhya Pradesh vs. Nandu @ Nandua |
09/02/2022 |
Two Judges |
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Can Arbitrator grant Post-Award Interest on part of 'Sum' due? / क्या मध्यस्थ देय 'राशि' के हिस्से पर पंचाट पश्चात ब्याज दे सकता है? |
Supreme Court held that an Arbitrator has the discretion to grant post-award interest only on the principal sum due u/s3 1(7)(b) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Court also noted that the issue before it was whether the phrase ‘unless the award otherwise directs’ in sec.31(7)(b) of the Act only provides the arbitrator the discretion to determine the rate of interest or both the rate of interest and the ‘sum’ it must be paid against. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना कि एक मध्यस्थ के पास मध्यस्थता और सुलह अधिनियम, 1996 की धारा 31(7)(ख) के तहत केवल मूल राशि पर निर्णय के बाद ब्याज देने का विवेक है। न्यायालय ने यह भी नोट किया कि उसके सामने मुद्दा यह था कि क्या अधिनियम की धारा 31(7)(ख) में वाक्यांश 'जब तक कि पंचाट अन्यथा निर्देश न दे', केवल मध्यस्थ को ब्याज की दर या ब्याज की दर और इसके लिए भुगतान की जाने वाली 'राशि' दोनों निर्धारित करने का विवेक प्रदान करता है। |
Morgan Securities And Credits Pvt. Ltd. vs. Videocon Industries Ltd. |
09/01/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 14 |
Can Arbitrators determines their own fees? / क्या मध्यस्थ अपनी फीस स्वयं निर्धारित कर सकते हैं? |
Supreme Court held that arbitrators do not have the power to unilaterally issue binding and enforceable orders determining their own fees. A unilateral determination of fees violates the principles of party autonomy and the doctrine of the prohibition of in rem suam decisions, i.e., the arbitrators cannot be a judge of their own private claim against the parties regarding their remuneration. / सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने माना कि मध्यस्थों के पास अपनी फीस निर्धारित करने के लिए एकतरफा बाध्यकारी और लागू करने योग्य आदेश जारी करने की शक्ति नहीं है। फीस का एकतरफा निर्धारण पक्ष की स्वायत्तता के सिद्धांतों और रेम सुअम निर्णयों के निषेध के सिद्धांत का उल्लंघन करता है, यानी, मध्यस्थ अपने पारिश्रमिक के संबंध में पक्षकारों के खिलाफ अपने स्वयं के निजी दावे के न्यायाधीश नहीं हो सकते हैं। |
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. vs. Afcons Gunanusa JV |
30/08/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 15 |
Whether death in an institutionalized environment of a hospital necessarily amount to medical negligence? / क्या अस्पताल के संस्थागत वातावरण में मृत्यु आवश्यक रूप से चिकित्सकीय उपेक्षा है? |
Supreme Court held that every death in an institutionalized environment of a hospital does not necessarily amount to medical negligence on a hypothetical assumption of lack of due medical care. It would not be possible for the Court to second-guess the medical judgment of the doctors on the line of medical treatment. / उचित चिकित्सा देखभाल की कमी की एक काल्पनिक धारणा पर सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना कि अस्पताल के संस्थागत वातावरण में हर मौत आवश्यक रूप से चिकित्सकीय उपेक्षा नहीं है। न्यायालय के लिए चिकित्सा उपचार की तर्ज पर डॉक्टरों के चिकित्सा निर्णय पर दोयम दर्जे का अनुमान लगाना संभव नहीं होगा। |
Devarakonda Surya Sesha Mani & Ors. vs. Care Hospital, Institute of Medical Sciences & Ors. |
26/8/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 16 |
Whether 2018 amendment to the Specific Relief Act is prospective or retrospective in nature? / क्या विनिर्दिष्ट अनुतोष अधिनियम में 2018 का संशोधन प्रकृति में भावी या भूतलक्षी है? |
Supreme Court held that, 2018 amendment to the Specific Relief Act is prospective and cannot apply to those transactions that took place prior to its coming into force. Ordinarily, the effect of amendment by substitution would be that the earlier provisions would be repealed, and amended provisions would be enacted in place of the earlier provisions from the date of inception of that enactment. / "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना कि, विनिर्दिष्ट अनुतोष अधिनियम में 2018 का संशोधन संभावित है और यह उन संव्यवहार पर लागू नहीं हो सकता है जो इसके लागू होने से पहले हुए थे। आमतौर पर, प्रतिस्थापन द्वारा संशोधन का प्रभाव यह होगा कि पहले के प्रावधान निरस्त हो जाएंगे, और उस अधिनियम की शुरुआत की तारीख से पहले के प्रावधानों के स्थान पर संशोधित प्रावधान अधिनियमित किए जाएंगे।" |
Katta Sujatha Reddy vs. M/S Siddamsetty Infra Projects Pvt. Ltd.& Ors. |
25/8/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 17 |
In case of more than one dying declarations, which one of the declarations is to be believed? / एक से अधिक मृत्युकालिक घोषणाओं के मामले में, किस घोषणा पर विश्वास किया जाना चाहिए? |
Supreme Court held that, in case there are multiple contradictory dying declarations, the dying declaration recorded by the higher officer like a Magistrate can be relied upon. However, there should not be a circumstance giving rise to any suspicion about its truthfulness. If dying declaration has not been found to be made voluntarily and is not supported by any other evidence, the Court is required to scrutinize the facts of an individual case very carefully and take a decision as to which of the declarations is worth reliance. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने माना कि, यदि कई विरोधाभासी मृत्युकालिक कथन हैं, तो मजिस्ट्रेट जैसे उच्च अधिकारी द्वारा दर्ज किए गए मृत्युकालिक कथन पर भरोसा किया जा सकता है। हालाँकि, ऐसी कोई परिस्थिति नहीं होनी चाहिए जिससे इसकी सत्यता पर कोई संदेह पैदा हो। यदि मृत्युकालिक कथन स्वेच्छा से नहीं दिया गया है और किसी अन्य साक्ष्य द्वारा समर्थित नहीं है, तो न्यायालय को व्यक्तिगत मामले के तथ्यों की बहुत सावधानी से जांच करनी होगी और निर्णय लेना होगा कि कौन सी घोषणा पर भरोसा करने लायक है। |
Makhan Singh vs. The State Of Haryana |
16/8/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 18 |
Whether the family can take the form of domestic, unmarried partnership or same-sex relationships? / क्या परिवार घरेलू, अविवाहित साझेदारी या समलैंगिक संबंधों का रूप ले सकता है? |
The Supreme Court observed that familial relationships may take the form of domestic, unmarried partnerships or queer relationships. Noting that the dominant understanding of the concept of a "family," both in law and in society, is that it consists of a single, unchanging unit consisting of a mother and father and their children. Domestic, unmarried partnerships and queer relationships are all examples of familial relationships. / "सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने कहा कि पारिवारिक रिश्ते घरेलू, अविवाहित साझेदारी या समलैंगिक रिश्तों का रूप ले सकते हैं। यह देखते हुए कि विधि और समाज दोनों में ""परिवार"" की अवधारणा की प्रमुख समझ यह है कि इसमें एक शामिल है एकल, अपरिवर्तनीय इकाई जिसमें माता-पिता और उनके बच्चे शामिल हैं। घरेलू, अविवाहित साझेदारी और विचित्र रिश्ते सभी पारिवारिक रिश्तों के उदाहरण हैं।" |
Deepika Singh vs. Central Administrative Tribunal and Others |
16/8/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 19 |
Should judges always write easy and simple language in their decisions? / क्या न्यायाधीशों को अपने निर्णयों में हमेशा आसान और सरल भाषा लिखनी चाहिए? |
The Supreme Court has given guidelines regarding how the judgments should be uploaded by judicial or other authenticated institutions. It said that decisions should be simple and clear. The need for such clarity is universal and is of utmost importance in the field of law. Poor use of language makes society stale, less dynamic and less original. If thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने इस संबंध में दिशानिर्देश दिए हैं कि न्यायिक या अन्य प्रमाणित संस्थानों द्वारा निर्णय कैसे अपलोड किए जाने चाहिए। इसमें कहा गया कि निर्णय सरल और स्पष्ट होने चाहिए। ऐसी स्पष्टता की आवश्यकता सार्वभौमिक है और विधि के क्षेत्र में इसका अत्यधिक महत्व है। भाषा का ख़राब प्रयोग समाज को बासी, कम गतिशील और कम मौलिक बना देता है। यदि विचार भाषा को भ्रष्ट करता है, तो भाषा भी विचार को भ्रष्ट कर सकती है। |
State Bank of India vs. Ajay Kumar Sood |
16/8/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 20 |
Should a woman accused of sexual harassment be interrogated respectfully in this court? / क्या लैंगिक उत्पीड़न की आरोपी महिला से इस न्यायालय में सम्मानपूर्वक पूछताछ की जानी चाहिए? |
Supreme Court laid down guidelines for the trial courts to deal with the aggrieved persons, who are victims of sexual harassment, in an appropriate manner which includes- allowing proceedings to be conducted in camera, installation of a screen to ensure that the aggrieved woman does not have to see the accused while testifying, ensuring that the counsel for the accused conducts the cross-examination of the aggrieved woman in a respectful fashion and without asking inappropriate questions. / सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने लैंगिक उत्पीड़न के शिकार पीड़ित व्यक्तियों से उचित तरीके से निपटने के लिए विचारण न्यायालय के लिए दिशानिर्देश निर्धारित किए, जिसमें शामिल हैं- कार्यवाही को कैमरे में आयोजित करने की अनुमति देना, यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए एक स्क्रीन की स्थापना करना कि पीड़ित महिला को ऐसा न करना पड़े। गवाही देते समय आरोपी को देखना होगा, यह सुनिश्चित करना होगा कि आरोपी का वकील पीड़ित महिला से सम्मानजनक तरीके से और अनुचित प्रश्न पूछे बिना प्रति-परीक्षा करे। |
Anusha Deepak Tyagi vs. The State Of Madhya Pradesh |
08/05/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 21 |
Whether in-camera trials should be allowed in all cases relating to sexual harassment? / क्या लैंगिक उत्पीड़न से संबंधित सभी मामलों में बंद कमरे में विचारण की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए? |
Reiterating the importance of the Courts dealing with the victims of sexual crimes in a sensitive manner, the Supreme Court has issued a slew of directions to the trial courts to avoid agony and harassment for women who file complaints of sexual harassment. A bench directed that in-camera trials should be allowed in all cases relating to sexual harassment. As per sec.327 of CrPC, in-camera trials are mandated only in rape cases. This ambit has been expanded by the Court. / लैंगिक अपराधों के पीड़ितों के साथ संवेदनशील तरीके से व्यवहार करने वाले न्यायालयों के महत्व को दोहराते हुए, सर्वोच्च न्यायालय ने लैंगिक उत्पीड़न की परिवाद दर्ज कराने वाली महिलाओं को पीड़ा और उत्पीड़न से बचाने के लिए विचारण न्यायालय को कई निर्देश जारी किए हैं। एक पीठ ने निर्देश दिया कि लैंगिक उत्पीड़न से संबंधित सभी मामलों में बंद कमरे में विचारण की अनुमति दी जानी चाहिए। सीआरपीसी की धारा 327 के अनुसार, केवल बलात्संग के मामलों में बंद कमरे में विचारण अनिवार्य है। न्यायालय ने इस दायरे को बढ़ा दिया है। |
XYZ vs. State of Madhya Pradesh |
08/05/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 22 |
Whether sec.313 CrPC confers a valuable right upon an accused to establish his innocence? / क्या सीआरपीसी की धारा 313 किसी आरोपी को अपनी बेगुनाही साबित करने का मूल्यवान अधिकार प्रदान करती है? |
The purpose of sec.313 CrPC is to provide the accused a reasonable opportunity to explain the adverse circumstances which have emerged against him during the course of trial. Non- fulfilment of the true spirit of sec.313 may ultimately cause grave prejudice to the accused and the Court may not have the benefit of all the necessary facts and circumstances to arrive at a fair conclusion. It confers a valuable right upon an accused to establish his innocence and can well be considered beyond a statutory right, as a constitutional right to a fair trial under Art.21. / सीआरपीसी की धारा 313 का उद्देश्य अभियुक्त को मुकदमे के दौरान उसके खिलाफ उभरी प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों को समझाने का उचित अवसर प्रदान करना है। धारा 313 की सच्ची भावना को पूरा न करने से अंततः अभियुक्त पर गंभीर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ सकता है और न्यायालय को निष्पक्ष निष्कर्ष पर पहुंचने के लिए सभी आवश्यक तथ्यों और परिस्थितियों का लाभ नहीं मिल सकता है। यह एक आरोपी को अपनी बेगुनाही साबित करने का एक मूल्यवान अधिकार प्रदान करता है और इसे वैधानिक अधिकार से परे, अनुच्छेद 21 के तहत निष्पक्ष सुनवाई के संवैधानिक अधिकार के रूप में माना जा सकता है। |
Jai Prakash Tiwari vs. State of Madhya Pradesh |
08/04/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 23 |
Whethet the accused rely on the case of the prosecution to discharge the burden? / क्या अभियुक्त भार उतारने के लिए अभियोजन पक्ष के मामले पर भरोसा करता है? |
Supreme Court explained that the prosecution must prove the guilt of the accused i.e. it must establish all ingredients of the offence with which the accused is charged, but this burden should not be mixed with the burden on the accused of proving that the case falls within an exception. However, to discharge this burden the accused may rely upon the case of the prosecution and the evidence adduced by the prosecution in the court. / सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने स्पष्ट किया कि अभियोजन पक्ष को आरोपी का अपराध साबित करना होगा यानी उसे उस अपराध के सभी तत्वों को स्थापित करना होगा जिसके लिए आरोपी पर आरोप लगाया गया है, लेकिन इस भार को आरोपी पर यह साबित करने के भार के साथ नहीं जोड़ा जाना चाहिए कि मामला इसके एक अपवाद के अंतर्गत आता है। हालाँकि, इस भार का निर्वहन करने के लिए, अभियुक्त अभियोजन पक्ष के मामले और न्यायालय में अभियोजन पक्ष द्वारा पेश किए गए सबूतों पर भरोसा कर सकता है। |
Dauvaram Nirmalkar vs. The State Of Chhattisgarh |
08/02/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 24 |
Whether in-camera trials should be allowed in all cases relating to sexual harassment? |
Reiterating the importance of the Courts dealing with the victims of sexual crimes in a sensitive manner, the Supreme Court has issued a slew of directions to the trial courts to avoid agony and harassment for women who file complaints of sexual harassment. A bench directed that in-camera trials should be allowed in all cases relating to sexual harassment. As per sec.327 of CrPC, in-camera trials are mandated only in rape cases. This ambit has been expanded by the Court. |
XYZ vs. State of Madhya Pradesh |
08/05/2022 |
Two Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 25 |
Whether sec.313 CrPC confers a valuable right upon an accused to establish his innocence? |
"The purpose of sec.313 CrPC is to provide the accused a reasonable opportunity to explain the adverse circumstances which have emerged against him during the course of trial. Non- fulfilment of the true spirit of sec.313 may ultimately cause grave prejudice to the accused and the Court may not have the benefit of all the necessary facts and circumstances to arrive at a fair conclusion. It confers a valuable right upon an accused to establish his innocence and can well be considered beyond a statutory right, as a constitutional right to a fair trial under Article 21." |
Jai Prakash Tiwari vs. State of Madhya Pradesh |
08/04/2022 |
Three Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 26 |
Whether the mother, as the child's only natural caregiver after the passing of the biological father, has the authority to choose the child's surname? |
Supreme Court observed that a mother who remarries after the death of the biological father can decide the surname of the child and include it in her new family. She also has the option of submitting the child for adoption to her second husband. The Court may interfere, but only if an explicit plea to that effect is made, and such prayer must be based on the concept that the child's interest is the major concern and exceeds all other reasons. |
Akella Lalita vs. Sri Konda Hanumantha Rao |
28/7/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 27 |
Issue relating to revising the pay structure for the judicial officers. |
Emphasizing on the need to revise the pay structure for the judicial officers, the Supreme Court ordered for implementation of the enhanced pay scale as recommended by the Second National Judicial Pay Commission with effect from January 1, 2016. The bench also directed the Center and the States to pay the arrears to the officers in 3 instalments - 25% in 3 months, another 25% in next 3 months and balance by June 30, 2023. |
All India Judges Association vs. Union of India & Ors. |
27/7/2022 |
Three Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 28 |
Whether it is necessary to furnish copy of Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) to the person concerned apprehending arrest or at least after his arrest? |
SC held that Enforcement Directorate (ED) is not obligated to provide ECIR to person. It is held that ED at the time of arrest, is only obligated to disclose the grounds of such arrest to such person. It is held that ECIR cannot be equated with an FIR, thus ECIR is not mandatorily to be supplied to the accused person as per the provisions of CrPC. |
Vijay Madanlal Choudhary vs. Union of India |
27/7/2022 |
Three Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 29 |
Whether Haj-Umrah services should be exempted from GST? |
Private Haj tour operators not entitled to claim GST exemption available for conducting religious ceremony. Haj Group Organizers (HGO) are not performing any religious ceremony hence, can't claim parity with Haj Committee, which is a specified organization eligible for GST exemption for services in relation to pilgrimage. |
All India Haj Umrah Tour Organizer Association Mumbai vs. Union of India & Ors. |
26/7/2022 |
Three Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 30 |
Whether denying an unmarried woman the right to a safe abortion violates her personal freedom? |
Supreme Court declared that unmarried women are also entitled to seek abortion of pregnancy in the term of 20-24 weeks arising out of a consensual relationship. The Court ruled that exclusion of unmarried women who conceive out of live-in relationship from the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Rules is unconstitutional. All women are entitled to safe and legal abortion and denying an unmarried woman the right to a safe abortion violates her personal autonomy and freedom. |
X vs. Health & Family Welfare Department |
21/7/2022 |
Three Judges |
Download PDF link
|
| 31 |
Can arrest be used as a punitive tool ? |
"Supreme court held that arrest is not meant to be and must not be used as a punitive tool because it results in one of the gravest possible consequences emanating from criminal law i.e. the loss of personal liberty. Individuals must not be punished solely on the basis of allegations, and without a fair trial. When the power to arrest is exercised without application of mind and without due regard to the law, it amounts to an abuse of power." |
Mohammed Zubair vs. State of NCT of Delhi & Ors. |
20/7/2022 |
Three Judges |
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|
| 32 |
Plea for independent investigation into alleged extra-judicial killings of tribals in Chhattisgarh was raised? |
Supreme Court dismissed a writ petition filed seeking independent investigation into alleged extra-judicial killings of tribals in Chhattisgarh by security forces during anti-Naxal operations with an "exemplary cost" of Rs 5 lakhs. The Central Government had not only opposed the plea but also had filed an application seeking perjury proceedings against the petitioners alleging that they were depicting the executions carried out by Naxals as done by security forces. |
Himanshu Kumar & Ors. vs. Union Of India & Ors. |
14/7/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 33 |
The meaning and operationalization of the word ‘may’ in Section 15 of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 was in question. |
The court interpreted the word “may” in Section 15 of the J.J. Act as mandatory and held that when the Board does not consist of a professional with a degree in child psychology or psychiatry, it would be obligated to take assistance of experienced psychologists or psychosocial workers or other experts under proviso to sec.15(1) of J.J. Act. However, if the Board has a member with expertise in the field, they may choose to take or not take external assistance. |
Barun Chandra Thakur vs. Master Bholu |
13/7/2022 |
Two Judges |
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|
| 34 |
"Whether period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence or imprisonment?" |
"Supreme court observed that it cannot be lost sight that when reference is made in a set off for adjustment of periods, the reference is to proceedings within the country. The criminal law of the land does not have any extra-territorial application. An accused cannot claim a double benefit under Section 428 of the Cr.P.C i.e., the same period being counted as part of the period of imprisonment imposed for committing the former offence and also being set off against the period of imprisonment imposed for committing the latter offence as well." |
Abu Salem Abdul Kayoom Ansari vs. State Of Maharashtra |
07/11/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 35 |
Whether investigating agencies and their officers are duty-bound to comply with the mandate of Section 41 and 41A of the CrPC? |
"Supreme Court stressed the importance of the rule ""bail over jail"" and issued a slew of guidelines to prevent unnecessary arrest and remand- i) The courts will have to satisfy themselves on the compliance of sec.41 and 41A of CrPC. ii) Any non-compliance would entitle the accused for grant of bail. iii) The investigating agencies and their officers are duty-bound to comply with the mandate of sec.41 and 41A of CrPC. iv) Any dereliction on their part has to be brought to the notice of the higher authorities by the court followed by appropriate action." |
Satender Kumar Antil vs. Central Bureau Of Investigation & Anr. |
07/11/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 36 |
Whether Vijay Mallya commited contempt of country by willful disobedience of court directions? |
Supreme Court sentenced fugitive liquor baron Vijay Mallya to four months imprisonment and a fine of Rupees 2000 for contempt of court for disobedience of court orders. It is well settled that apart from punishing the contemnor for his contumacious conduct, the majesty of law may demand that appropriate directions be issued by the court so that any advantage secured as a result of such contumacious conduct is completely nullified. |
State Bank of India & ors. vs. Dr.Vijay Mallya |
07/11/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 37 |
Whether State failure or inaction during the riots can be basis to infer criminal conspiracy? |
" Conspiracy cannot be readily inferred merely on the basis of the inaction or failure of the State administration. Inaction or failure of some officials of one section of the State administration cannot be the basis to infer a pre- planned criminal conspiracy by the authorities of the State Government or to term it as a State sponsored crime (violence) against the minority community." |
Zakia Ahsan Jafri & anr. vs. State of Gujarat & anr. |
24/6/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 38 |
Whether permanent structure will be allowed within the Ecologically Sensitive Zones (ESZ)? |
SC held that guidelines issued by the Union Ministry on February 9 2011 for ESZ near protected forests held to be reasonable and it issued further directions in relation to ESZ that no new permanent structure shall be permitted to come up for whatsoever purpose within the ESZ, also mining within the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries shall not be permitted. |
In Re: T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad vs. Union of India and Ors. |
06/03/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 39 |
Issue relating to deciding compassionate appointments applications. |
A bench opined that the applications for appointment on compassionate ground ought to be decided in a time bound manner and not beyond a period of six months from the date of submission of the completed applications. The Apex Court was apprehensive that if the applications are not decided expeditiously, then the whole purpose of such appointments would be frustrated. |
Malaya Nanda Sethy vs. State Of Odisha & Ors. |
20/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 40 |
Whether an accused has a right to get copies of preliminary enquiry report ? |
Supreme Court criticized the Madras High Court adopting a "sealed cover procedure" by not sharing the copy of a preliminary enquiry report with a former Minister in relation to a corruption case investigation. The judgment is also relevant for its discussion on the right of the accused to get copies of the materials under Section 207 CrPC and its connection with the right to fair trial. |
S.P. Velumani vs. Arappor Iyakkam & Ors. |
20/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 41 |
Whether the vacancies arising before Amendments will be governed by Old Rules? |
Supreme Court held that the conditions of service of a public servant, including matters of promotion and seniority, are governed by the extant rules. The bench overruled its judgment which held that the appointments to the public posts that fell vacant prior to the amendment of the Rules would be governed by the old Rules and not by the amended rules. |
State Of Himachal Pradesh vs. Raj Kumar |
20/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 42 |
How the scope of Article 21 and the meaning of living the life with dignity can be applied to the sex workers? |
Asserting that the basic protection of human decency and dignity extends to sex workers, the Supreme Court has directed that the police should treat sex workers with dignity and should not abuse them, verbally or physically. Further, the Court directed that media should not publish their pictures or reveal their identity while reporting rescue operations and stated that the offence of voyeurism under Section 354C of the Indian Penal Code should be enforced if media publishes the pictures of sex workers with their clients. The Press Council of India has been directed to issue appropriate guidelines in this regard. |
Budhadev Karmaskar vs. State of West Bengal |
19/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 43 |
Whether delay in appointment of arbitrators will defeat the object and purpose of the enactment of the Arbitration Act? |
"If the arbitrators are not appointed at the earliest and the applications under Sections 11(5) and 11(6) of the Arbitration Act are kept pending for a number of years, it will defeat the object and purpose of the enactment of the Arbitration Act and it may lose the significance of an effective Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism." |
M/s Shree Vishnu Constructions vs.The Engineer in Chief, Military Engineering Service & Ors. |
19/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 44 |
Whether pilot courts should be set up with retired Judges for cheque bounce cases? |
With a view of reduce the pendency of cheque bounce cases under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the Supreme Court on Thursday directed the establishment of pilot courts presided over by retired judges in 5 districts of 5 states with the highest pendency (namely, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh). |
In Re: Expeditious Trial of Cases U/S 138 of N.I. ACT, 1881 |
19/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 45 |
Whether the managements of private medical colleges should be prohibited from accepting payment of fees in cash? |
It was held that private medical colleges should not receive fees through cash payment to avoid charging of capitation fee. The bench also agreed to the suggestion for setting up web-portal under the aegis of Supreme Court wherein any information about the private medical colleges charging capitation fees can be furnished by the students. |
Rashtreeya Sikshana Samithi Trust Etc. vs. Committee for Fixation of Fee Structure of Private Professional Colleges & Ors. Etc. |
19/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 46 |
Issue of binding nature of the recommendations of GST Council was raised. |
Supreme Court held that the recommendations of the GST council are not binding on the Parliament and State Legislatures. Though some of the recommendations of the GST council are binding on the Union and State Governments in relation to tax rate and taxable goods etc., by virtue of the provisions of the GST Act, it cannot mean that all recommendations are binding on the Parliament and the State Legislatures. |
Union of India & Anr. vs. M/S Mohit Minerals Pvt. Ltd. through Director |
19/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 47 |
Whether the scope of the review petition be expanded? |
The Supreme Court enhanced the sentence and ordered that review applications/petitions are allowed to the aforesaid extent and in addition to the fine imposed we consider it appropriate to impose a sentence of imprisonment for a period of one year rigorous imprisonment to be undergone by Congress leader and former Indian Cricket team member Navjot Singh Sidhu. |
Jaswinder Singh (Dead) Through Legal Representative vs. Navjot Singh Sidhu And Ors. |
19/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 48 |
Whether establishment of NGT is constitutionally valid? |
The Court upheld the constitutionality of Section 3 of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act 2010, which provides for the establishment of the NGT by the Central Government. The Court also held that the NGT under Section 14 & 22 of the NGT Act does not oust the High Court's jurisdiction under Article 226 & 227 as the same is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. The bench further held that the remedy of direct appeal to the Supreme Court under Section 22 of the NGT Act is intra vires the Constitution of India. |
Madhya Pradesh High Court Advocates Bar Association and Anr. vs. Union of India and Anr. |
18/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 49 |
Whether non-exercise of powers under Article 161 subject to judicial review? |
The court while giving judgment observed that India adopted a parliamentary form of government where even though the powers are vested in the president and governor with all practical purposes, they are bound to exercise those powers on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime minister and chief minister respectively. The non-performance of power under Article 161 or inexplicable delay in the exercise of such power not attributable to the prisoner is subject to judicial review, especially when the State Cabinet has already made the recommendation to the governor for the same. |
A.G. Perarivalan vs. State, Through Superintendent of Police CBI/SIT/MMDA, Chennai, Tamil Nadu and Anr. |
18/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 50 |
Whether remission to be considered by State Govt even if trial was transferred to another State? |
SC observed that where the crime was committed has to be considered in the remission which is applicable in the State and the premature release in terms of the policy. Supreme Court held that the Gujarat Government had the jurisdiction to decide the remission of convicts, even if the trial was held in the State of Mahrashtra. |
Radheshyam Bhagwandas Shah @ Lala Vakil vs. State of Gujarat |
13/5/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 51 |
Whether wife's Dying Declaration be used to prove cruelty? |
In some circumstances, the evidence of a deceased wife with respect to cruelty could be admissible in a trial for a charge u/s 498A of the IPC u/s 32(1) of the Evidence Act , subject to meeting certain necessary pre-conditions. |
Surendran vs. The State Of Kerala |
13/5/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 52 |
Whether it is mandatory for the aggrieved person to actually reside in a shared household? |
It was held that every woman in a domestic relationship has a right to reside in the shared household even in the absence of any act of domestic violence by the respondent. It was further held that a victim of domestic violence can enforce her right to reside in a shared household, irrespective of whether she actually lived in the shared household. |
Prabha Tyagi vs. Kamlesh Devi |
05/12/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 53 |
Does the criminalisation of sedition violate the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression? |
Supreme Court ordered sedition law under Section 124A of the IPC to be effectively kept in abeyance till the Union Government reconsiders the provision. The Court urged the Centre and the State govt. to refrain from registering any FIRs under the said provision while it was under re-consideration. The court in its judgement takes into account that the law of sedition is widely misused and in many cases infringes the right of free speech and expression by restraining healthy criticism against the government or by stifling dissent. It gives coercive powers to the government to impose the law over unreasonable matters. |
S.G. Vombatkere vs. Union Of India |
05/11/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 54 |
Whether after the enactment of a law by the Parliament for the incorporation and regulation of financial corporations, such financial corporations would continue to be regulated also by the State enactments? |
The Court held that the state enactments such as Kerala Money Lenders Act, 1958 and Gujarat Money Lenders Act, 2011 will have no application to Non¬ Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). It was observed that the Chapter III¬B of the RBI Act is a complete code in itself and the power of intervention available for the RBI over NBFCs, is 'from the cradle to the grave'. |
Nedumpilli Finance Company Limited vs. State of Kerala |
05/10/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 55 |
Whether detention beyond release date violates Article 21? |
"When a competent court sentenced an accused and in appeal, the sentence was modified upon confirmation of the conviction and then the appellate judgment had become final, the convict can be detained only up to the period to which he can be legally detained on the basis of the said appellate judgment. If a convict is detained beyond the actual release date, it would be imprisonment or detention sans sanction of law and would thus, violate not only Art.19(1) (d) but also Art. 21 of COI." |
Bhola Kumhar vs. State Of Chhattisgarh |
05/09/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 56 |
Whether Supreme Court order on the extension of limitation dated January 10, 2022, applies to proceedings of Commercial courts Act? |
SC held that the suo motu extension of limitation period is applicable to Commercial Courts Act. |
Babasaheb Raosaheb Kobarne &. ANR vs. Pyrotek India Private Limited |
05/09/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 57 |
Whether registering authority under the Registration Act 1908 is bound to verify a sale deed? |
SC held that Registering Authority under the Registration Act 1908, while registering a sale deed executed by a Power of Attorney holder, is bound to verify if the Power of Attorney empowers the agent to sell the property. |
Asset Reconstruction Co. (India) Ltd. vs. S.P. Velayutham |
05/04/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 58 |
Whether one mark each should be awarded for each year of practice from 10-20 years in senior advocate designation process? |
Supreme Court clarified that the High Courts should allocate one mark each for each year of practice from 10 to 20 years, instead of allocating 10 marks flat for the counsel who has put in 10-20 years practice. It further said that the designation of Senior Advocates in India is a privilege awarded as a mark of excellence to advocates who have distinguished themselves and have made a significant contribution to the development of the legal profession. |
Indira Jaising vs. Supreme Court of India |
05/04/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 59 |
Whether notices issued under sec.148 to assessees shall be deemed to have been issued under sec.148A of the IT Act as substituted by the Finance Act, 2021? |
In this significant judgment, having wide ranging impact on several pending tax cases across the country, the Court saved several reassessment notices issued by the Income Tax Department by not following the new procedure introduced after the Finance Act 2021 by deeming them as notices under sec.148A. A bench issued this directions having pan-India effect to strike a balance between the interests of the revenue and the assessees. |
Union of India vs. Ashish Agarwal |
05/04/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 60 |
Are the vaccine mandates being violative of Art.21 of the Constitution of India? |
The Court held that no individual can be forced to get vaccinated and the right to bodily integrity of a person under Art.21 of the Constitution include the right to refuse vaccinate. It further held that the vaccine mandates imposed by various state governments and other authorities in the context of COVID-19 pandemic are "not proportionate". The Court held so as no substantial data has been produced on record to show that the risk of transmission of COVID-19 virus from the unvaccinated persons are higher than from vaccinated persons. |
Jacob Puliyel vs. Union Of India |
05/02/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 61 |
Can medical students who have not undergone clinical training be granted provisional registration by National Medical Commission (NMC)? |
A bench directed the NMC to frame a scheme as a one time measure within two months to allow students who have not actually completed clinical training to undergo clinical training in India in the medical colleges which may be identified by the NMC for a limited duration as may be specified by it, on such charges which it determines. |
National Medical Commission vs. Pooja Thandu Naresh |
29/4/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 62 |
Whether LIC is bound by the mandate of Art. 14 and 16 of the Constitution? |
SC observed that LIC as a statutory corporation is bound by the mandate of Art.14 and 16 of the Constitution. As a public employer, the recruitment process of the corporation must meet the constitutional standard of a fair and open process. Allowing for back-door entries into service is an anathema to public service. |
Ranbir Singh vs. SK Roy, Chairman, Life Insurance Corp. of India & Anr. |
27/4/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 63 |
Whether Anganwadi workers & helpers are entitled to payment of Gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972? |
SC extended the protection of Payment of Gratuity Act to anganwadi workers. The Court held that Anganwadi workers are doing a full-time job and are performing statutory functions under the National Food Security Act and the Right to Education Act. The judgment also discussed the sufferings of anganwadi workers as they are paid a paltry honorarium in return of their valuable services for ensuring education and nutrition of young kids. |
Maniben Maganbhai Bhariya vs. District Development Officer Dahod and ors. |
25/4/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 64 |
Whether BCI permits the persons engaged in other employments to provisionally enrol with the concerned Bar Council? |
Supreme Court opened the doors for persons doing other jobs to practise as advocates by accepting a suggestion made by Amicus Curiae that persons engaged in other employments can be permitted to provisionally enrol with the concerned Bar Council and to appear in the All India Bar Examination (AIBE), and that upon clearing the AIBE, they can be given a period of 6 months to decide whether to join legal profession or continue with the other job. |
Bar Council of India vs. Twinkle Rahul Mangaonkar And Ors. |
21/4/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 65 |
Whether the condition in the insurance policy which bars the filing of the claim after the specified time period is void? |
It was held that a condition in the insurance policy which bars the filing of the claim after the specified time period is contrary to Section 28 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 and thus void. |
The Oriental Insurance Company Limited vs. Sanjesh and Anr. |
04/12/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 66 |
Whether a plea of 'inconvenience' is a ground to challenge constitutional validity of the Legislation? |
Mere plea of inconvenience is not enough to assail constitutional validity of a legislation, the Supreme Court observed while upholding the 2020 amendments made to the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act 2010, which introduced restrictions in the handling of foreign contributions by organizations in India. |
Noel Harper vs. Union of India |
04/08/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 67 |
Whether the use of Vulnerable Witnesses Deposition Centres (VWDCs) be allowed for other jurisdictions other than criminal cases? |
" It was held that the use of VWDCs should in addition to criminal cases, be allowed for other jurisdictions, including, civil jurisdictions, family courts, juvenile justice boards and Childrens’ courts. Permission should be granted for recording the evidence of vulnerable witnesses in cases across all jurisdictions." |
Smruti Tukaram Badade vs. State of Maharashtra & Anr. |
04/08/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 68 |
Whether sub-classification of the most Backward Classes is permissible for receiving preference? |
A bench held the 2021 Tamil Nadu Act that provided 10.5% reservation in educational institutions and government jobs for the Vanniyar community out of the 20% reservation available to the Most Backward Classes to be unconstitutional. The Court upheld the Madras High Court order quashing Tamil Nadu law ("2021 Act"), the Court held that the State had the legislative competence to make sub-classifications among the backward classes. |
Pattali Makkal Katchi vs. A. Mayilerumperumal & Ors. |
31/3/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 69 |
Whether there is any legal mandate that same rank pensioners must be given same pension? |
"Supreme Court upheld the manner in which the Central Government introduced the ""One Rank One Pension"" (OROP) scheme in defence forces as per its notification dated November 7, 2015. It was observed that the definition of OROP is uniformly applicable to all the pensioners irrespective of the date of retirement. The cut-off date is used only for the purpose of determining the base salary for the calculation of pension." |
Indian Ex Servicemen Movement & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors. |
16/3/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 70 |
Whether the minimum age limit for the selection of District Judges is contrary to the Constitution? |
Upholding the minimum age requirement of 35 years for applying for the Delhi Higher Judicial Services Examination, the Supreme Court held that the prescription of a minimum age limit for the selection of District Judges is not contrary to the Constitution. A bench held that Art.233(2) of Constitution only prescribes a minimum eligibility that an advocate should have at least 7 years practice for selection as a District Judge and that this does not preclude the stipulation of a minimum age requirement. |
High Court Of Delhi vs. Devina Sharma |
14/3/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 71 |
Whether State's transfer policy give due consideration to the importance of protecting family life? |
Supreme Court discussed the concept of right to family life and observed that the State's transfer policy must give due consideration to the importance of protecting family life. Bench further observed that "the State's interference in the rights of privacy, dignity, and family life of persons must be proportional". |
S.K. Nausad Rahman and Ors. vs. Union of India and Ors. |
03/10/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 72 |
Whether appointment of Vice Chancellor of a University even under a State Legislation can be contrary to UGC regulations? |
"In case of any conflict between State legislation and Central legislation, Central legislation shall prevail by applying the rule/ principle of repugnancy as enunciated in Art.254 of the Constitution as the subject ‘education’ is in the Concurrent List (List III) of the 7th Schedule of the Constitution. Therefore, any appointment as a Vice Chancellor contrary to the provisions of the UGC Regulations can be said to be in violation of the statutory provisions, warranting a writ of quo warranto." |
Gambhirdan K. Gadhvi vs. State of Gujarat |
03/03/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 73 |
Whether accused can be given copy of protected witness's statement with identity redacted? |
SC held that even for protected witnesses declared so under sec.173(6) of Cr.P.C. R/W sec.44 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 the accused can exercise their right under sec.207 and 161 of the Cr.P.C to obtain copies of their redacted statements which would ensure that the identity of the witness not disclosed. |
Waheed-Ur-Rahman Parra vs. Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir |
25/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 74 |
Mere hurting of sensibilities are defamation? |
One can't allege defamation merely on the ground of hurt sensibilities. The Court further observed that CBFC certification raises a presumption that the film is not defamatory. |
Shri Babuji Rawji Shah vs. S. Hussain Zaidi |
24/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 75 |
Whether gifting of freebies to doctors prohibited by Law? |
Supreme Court held that 'pharmaceutical companies' gifting freebies to doctors is prohibited by law and they cannot claim it as a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act. These freebies are technically not 'free', the cost of supplying such freebies is usually factored into the drug, driving prices up, thus creating a perpetual publicly injurious cycle. |
M/s Apex Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. vs. Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax, Large Tax Payer Unit - II |
22/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 76 |
Whether the provisions of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 i.e. sec.17A, is retrospective? |
The Court unanimously inferred that it is an essential principle of interpretation for every statute to be prospective (i.e., forward flowing) unless there was an expression or necessary allocations made to have retrospective mechanisms. There ought to be a presumption against retrospectivity in the said matter. |
State of Rajasthan vs. Tejmal Choudhary |
21/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 77 |
Issue of imposition of a gender cap on a number of performers in Orchestra Bars. |
The court held that the conditions which impose a gender cap as to the number of women or men who can perform in orchestras and bands are null and void. This restriction directly transgresses Art.15(1) and Art.19(1)(g) COI. |
Hotel Priya, a proprietorship vs. State Of Maharashtra |
18/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 78 |
Whether appeal should be heard under new Consumer Act or old one? |
It was held that the onerous condition of payment of 50% of the amount awarded to file an appeal against the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (“NCDRC”) order, as provided under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (“1986 Act”) will not apply to the complaints filed before the commencement of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. |
ECGC Limited vs. Mokul Shriram EPC JV |
15/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 79 |
In event of conflict between provision of RERA Act and SARFAESI Act, which Act would prevail? |
SC stated that in case of direct conflict between two central statutes, the legislation that was enacted later would prevail. In this case, since RERA Act was enacted in 2016 and SARFAESI Act was enacted in 2002, the provisions of RERA Act would prevail over those of SARFAESI Act. |
Union Bank of India vs. Rajasthan RERA & Ors. Etc. |
14/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 80 |
Whether on expiry of 120th day from the date of service of summons, the defendant has the right to file the written statement? |
Suo motu extension of limitation is applicable to the time for filing written statement in commercial suits. In the ordinary circumstances, on expiry of 120th day from the date of service of summons, the defendant forfeits the right to file the written statement and no Court can make an order to extend such time beyond 120 days from the date of service of summons. |
Prakash Corporates vs. Dee Vee Projects Limited |
14/2/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 81 |
Whether involuntary resignations are recognised as constructive dismissal? |
Supreme Court held that a resignation by an employee, which is found to be tendered amid an unfair and unjust work environment, is not voluntary and amounts to ‘constructive dismissal’. |
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02/10/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 82 |
"Whether section 173 of CrPC shall be treated as the Substantive Piece of Evidence or not?" |
"It being a report, is nothing but a piece of evidence. It forms a mere opinion of the investigating officer on the materials collected by him. The evidence of the investigating officer is not indispensable. The evidence is required for corroboration and contradiction of the other material witnesses as he is the one who links and presents them before the court." |
Rajesh Yadav & Anr. Etc. vs. State of U.P. |
02/04/2022 |
Three Judges |
- |
| 83 |
Whether Legislature can protect actions taken under an Unconstitutional Law by enacting a Saving Clause? |
SC observed that legislature cannot infuse life into a legislation, which it itself recognised as unconstitutional, by enacting a saving clause. |
State of Manipur & Ors. vs. Surjakumar Okram & Ors. |
02/01/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 84 |
Whether registering authority can ascertain if the power of attorney is valid- conflicting judgments? |
Supreme Court observed that the production of the original power of attorney is not necessary, if the document is presented for registration by the power of attorney holder who executed the document on the strength of it. The bench further observed that the registration authorities are not required to enquire if the Power of Attorney is valid. |
Amar Nath vs. Gian Chand |
28/01/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 85 |
Whether registering authority can ascertain if the power of attorney is valid- conflicting judgments? |
Supreme Court observed that the production of the original power of attorney is not necessary, if the document is presented for registration by the power of attorney holder who executed the document on the strength of it. The bench further observed that the registration authorities are not required to enquire if the Power of Attorney is valid. |
Amar Nath vs. Gian Chand |
28/01/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 86 |
Whether the resolution of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly to suspend 12 BJP MLAs is constitutionally valid? |
Court held that the resolution to suspend the MLAs beyond the session is "unconstitutional", "illegal" and "beyond the powers of the assembly". It held that such suspension could be limited only to the ongoing session, which was the Monsoon Session of 2021. Such a long suspension will result in the constituency going unrepresented |
Ashish Shelar And Ors. vs. The Maharashtra Legislative Assembly & Anr. |
28/01/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 87 |
Whether the sole Hindu daughter could inherit her father’s separate property and die intestate before the Hindu Succession Act of 1956 ? |
A daughter is capable of inheriting the self-acquired property or share received in the partition of a coparcenary property of her Hindu father dying intestate. The Court further observed that if a woman dies intestate then any ancestral property passed onto her from her father would be bestowed upon the heirs of her father and similarly, the property passed onto her from her husband’s family would be bestowed to her husband’s heir. |
"Arunachala Gounder (Dead) By Lrs vs Ponnusamy" |
20/1/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 88 |
Whether reservation for OBC candidates in the AIQ seats in UG and PG medical and dental courses is constitutionally valid? |
Bench allowed 27% OBC quota in NEET-AIQ. It was observed that the binary of merit & reservation has now become superfluous, once the SC has recognized the principle of substantive equality as the mandate of Art. 14 and as a facet of Art. 15(1) & 16(1)The judgment is relevant for its discussion of the principles relating to reservation under Articles 15(4) and 15(5) of the Constitution. Justice Chandrachud observed that "Merit cannot be reduced to narrow definitions of performance in an open competitive examination which only provides formal equality of opportunity" |
Neil Aurelio Nunes vs. Union Of India |
20/1/2022 |
Two Judges |
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| 89 |
Whether there was an intentional and significant breach of security during the Prime Minister’s visit to Hussainiwala, Punjab, and whether the existing security measures were adequate? |
Bench constituted a committee headed by former judge Justice Indu Malhotra to enquire into the security lapse which took place during the visit of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to Punjab in January 2022. Noting that there was a "war of words" and "blame game" between the Union Government and the Punjab Government, the Court said that an independent enquiry was needed. The committee filed its report later finding lapses on the part of the Punjab police. The Court forwarded the report to the Union and the State for further action. |
Lawyers Voice vs. The State Of Punjab |
01/12/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 90 |
Question relating to extension of limitation period. |
The Supreme Court ordered the extension of limitation period for filing of cases and applications in courts and tribunals and excluded the period from 15.03.2020 till 28.02.2022 from limitation. |
In Re: Cognizance For Extension Of Limitation |
01/10/2022 |
Three Judges |
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| 91 |
Whether tribunal decision can be scrutinized only by a Jurisdictional High Court? |
An order passed by a Tribunal can only be challenged before the High Court within whose territorial limits the CAT bench is located. There is also a criticism among legal circles against this decision on the ground that it ignores the principles under Article 226(2) of the Constitution of India. |
Union of India vs. Alapan Bandyopadhyay |
01/06/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
| 92 |
Whether the condonation of delay would also apply in computing prescribed periods within which Courts or Tribunals can condone delay? |
The period of limitation which could have been condoned by a Court or a Tribunal is also excluded from the limitation period up to 07.10.2021 in view of the orders passed suo motu by the Top Court to extend limitation period in the wake of COVID-19. |
Centaur Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. & Anr. vs. Stanford Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. |
01/04/2022 |
Two Judges |
- |
